Submarine signal.



No. 793,896. PATENTED JULY 4, 1905.

A. J. MUNDY. SUBMARINE SIGNAL.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 14.1903.

4 8HEETSSHBET 1.

Inventor.

PATENTED JULY 4, 1906.

A. J. MUNDY. ,SUBMARINE SIGNAL.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 14,1903.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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PATENTED JULY 4, 1905.

A. J. MUNDY. SUBMARINE SIGNAL. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 14,1903.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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( Httorncy- Inventor Wiinew/ PATENTED JULY 4, 1905.

A. J. MUNDY. SUBMARINE SIGNAL.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 14,1903.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

E PH is g ll l'ki NIIITEEED STATES Patented July 4, 3.905.

PATENT @rrrcaa ARTHUR J. MUNDY, OF BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS, ASSTGNOR TOSUBMA- RENE SIGNAL COMPANY F WATERWLLE, MAINE, 0F BosToN, MAS-SACHUSE'ETS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

SUBEWARSNE SEGNALH SPEGIFIGATIGN forming part of Letters Patent No.'?93,896, dated July 4, 1905.

\ Application filed February 14, 1903. Serial No. 1%,396.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that. l, ARTHUR J. MUNDY, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Boston. in the county of Suffolk and State of 5Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in SubmarineSignaling, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings,formingapart of this speciiication, in explaining its nature.

The invention relates to that portion of a submarine signaling systemwhich includes the means for taking the sound-signals conducted by thewater from a submerged signal- 1 5 ing apparatus from the water andtransmitting them, preferably electrically, to a telephonereceiver on avessel. This portion of the apparatus as a whole I have named ahydrophone." The part ofthe hydrophone which is immersed in the waterand receives sound impulses from it and transmits them 1 term thehydrophone-transmitter, or, for short, the transmitter. The part whichreceives the impulses from the transmitter and delivers the sound to thebearer I call the hydrophone-receiver, or, for short, the receiver.

For use on sailing vessels the sound transmitters and receivers whichare described in various of my applications for Letters Patent of theUnited States will answer very well. For use on vessels carryingmachinery making noise-like, for instance, steamships-I have discoveredthat it is desirable to take and transmit the sound-signals conducted bythe water from the water at a point away from the vesseland' below thesurface of the water and also while the vessel is in motion; and mypresent invention or hydrophone comprises a device the soundtransmitting portion of which is adapted to be let into the water fromthe stern of a moving vessel and to be towed in the water by the vesselat any desired distance therefrom and at any required depth below thesurface of the water and the receiver portion of which is adapted to becarried on the vessel and to receive from the submergedsound-transmitter the sound-signals conducted to it by the water and todeliver them audibly to the bearer on the vessel. I prefer to employ asa means for holding the hydrophone-transmitter submerged atransmitter-holder, which has a shape resembling that of a fish, whichholder is provided with means whereby, while Y between the transmitterand battery on the vessel and the receiver. It is of peculiarconstruction, as will hereinafter appear. The holder preferably isattached to the tow-line by means which may form a part of thetowline,iwhich acts to prevent sound-vibrations from being delivered bythe tow-lineto the transmitter of the holder and which soundinsulatingmeans I have termed an antihummer. The electric relation between thetransmitter and the battery on the vessel is such that the electriccircuit from the transmitter to the battery and receiver isautomatically established upon the submerging of the holder, remainsestablished while it is submerged, is automatically broken upon theremoval of the holder from the water, and remains broken while it is soremoved from the water and inactive. A means which I have shown foraccomplishing this result is the employment as a part of the circuit ofthe water itself when the holder is submerged; butI do not confinemyself to this method of automatically making and breaking the circuit.a

The invention also includes couplings for connecting the holder with theantihummer and the antihummer with the tow-line, also details ofconstruction which will hereinafter be fully described.

I will now describe the invention in conjunction with the drawingsforming a part of this specification, wherein' Figure 1 is aconventional view of a portion of a stern of a steamship and of thetow-line and transmitter and holder as in use. Fig. 2 isaview inelevation of the transmitter,holder, antihummer, and lower end of thetow-line, a portion of the holder being broken out to show theconnection of the transmitter and holder with the antihummer. Fig. 3 isa partial view in plan of the holder. Fig. 4 is a view in verticalsection of the holder upon the dotted line 1 2 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is aview, enlarged, principally in horizontal section to illustrate thetransmitter, the manner of mounting it in the holder, and ofelectrically connecting it. Fig. 6 is a view in elevation,

enlarged, of one side of the transmitter, a

diaphragm and spring carried by it being removed. Figs. 7 and 8 areviews of the diaphragm-springs hereinafter referred to. Fig. 9 is a viewin longitudinal section, enlarged, of the coupling connecting the holderand transmitter with the antihummer. Fig. 10 is aview in longitudinalsection, enlarged,

of the coupling connecting the cable with the antihummer. Fig. 11 is aview, enlarged, principally in longitudinal section of the towline. Fig.12 is a cross-section thereof upon the dotted line 11 12 of Fig. 11.

In the drawings, A represents the holder; B, the antihummer; C, thetow-line; D, the transmitter in the holder; E, the holder-coupling whichconnects the holder with the antihummer, and F the coupling whichconnects the antihummer with the tow-line.

The holder'A preferably is in the main made of wood and in the shape ofa fish, resembling a salmon. Its body has straight parallel sides aa,which taper gradually toward each end of the holder, and the top a andbottom a of the holder from end to end are preferably inclined from themiddle, as shown. The holder also has a lead keel a* fastened to it formaintaining it upright in the water. lts member of the coupling E isarranged to extend from a point somewhat above its forward end and sothat the holder shall be inclined downward at a right angle with respectto it in order that the holder when drawn through the water by a movingvessel shall assume in an upright form a position at the desired depthbelow the surface of the water, say from five to thirty feet, and shallthereafter so long as it is being towed remain up- I right at thatdistance below the surface and travel at that distance below it in astraight direction. This result is due to the fact that the forwardportion of the upper surface of the holder acts to downwardly deflectthe holder in the water until it is restricted by the pull of thetow-line, when the two forces cause it to take a horizontal course. Thepart of the holder-coupling which is attached to the holder is securedto it by a thin uprightplate of metal 6, forming practically part of thecoupling member, and it extends'into a narrow vertical recess a in theforward end of the holder, in' which it is fastened to the holder byrivets a passing across the holder and it. The part of the plate aforming the forward end of the holder acts in a way as a cut-water and ameans for deflecting seaweed or other clinging material in the waterfrom the holder. it near its center acircular hole a of diflerentdiameters opening upon each side of the holder and of a size to receivethe transmitter D and its attaching means and in such a manner that thediaphragms d d (see Fig. 5 of the transmitter shall be flush with thesides a a of the holder. .(See Fig. 3.) The transmitter comprises acylindrical metal case d having the exterior screw-threads d d extendingfrom each end thereof. Its end openings are closed by the diaphragms dd. These are applied to the metal case preferably in the followingmanner: The diaphragms themselves are preferably made of thin brass orother metal not susceptible to the action of sea-water. face along itsouter edge to the outer surface of the flange 0Z of a holding-sleeveall, having the interior screw-thread d and the exterior screw-thread d.The flange d is enough within the outer face of the sleeve to form ashoulder d for the diaphragm of the thickness of the diaphragm. Thesleeve is of a size to tightly screw upon the case (2, and a gasket d isinterposed between the sleeve-flange d and the face of the case. It willbe understood, of course, that there is a sleeve for each diaphragm, andthe same reference-letters will apply to each sleeve. The case 0Z alsohas in its side a threaded hole d which extends through it to thechamber (1 between the diaphragm's and thereds screwed into thisthreaded hole cl, a hollow shank all, having its outer face formed withshoulders d 13 and tapering sectionsd extending outward from saidshoulders to provide'a means for receiving and holding the end of arubber or resilient water-tight tube if. The hole 11" in the shank is ofthe same diameter throughout, and through it extends the electricconducting-wire d", which preferably is in the form of a coil and whichis surrounded by a tubular insulating and protecting envelop or case d.The transmitter-case d with the diaphragm holding-sleeves d screwed uponit, is secured against shoulders d of the holder A and in position inits receiving-hole therein by means of the annular nuts d d one uponeach side of the holder, each of which has an interior screw-thread (Zto engage the screw-thread d of the diaphragmsleeves. These nuts turnupon the sleeves until they bottom against the shoulders, and thus serveto clamp the case to the holder, the holder having recesses ending inthese shoulders of a size to receive and hold the annular nuts whenscrewed home and with their outer faces flush with the sides of theholder.

The holder has extending across Each is soldered on its inner sur-,

reasec Within the chamber a? of the case (i is a frame (2 (see Figs and6,) having the arms d which serve to'locate it centrally in the chamberofthe case. The frame is cylindrical and forms a cyliudrical space dwith in which a portion of the transmitter is contained. The transmitterrepresented has the electrodes, preferably of carbon, d 03 each I ofwhich is mounted on a diaphragm d d respectively, and these diaphragmsare secured to the ring (1 by flanged sleeves (Z and d, which screwthereon. The ring 03 is held firmly in the frame d by the set-screw d.The electrodes are separated from each other by a space, across whichextend the small rods (Z also preferably of carbon. As many of theserods may be used as desired. I prefer that they be of the same length,that their ends be pointed, and that the electrodes have the cup-shapedor countersunk depres sions (Z for receiving and holding these pointedends. From each electrode there extends outward the stems lettered (Zand (Z respectively, upon each of which there is a head (Z adjustablelengthwise thereon, and upon which the ends (1 of the yielding or springarms d press. These spring-arms are represented in Figs. 7 and 8, andthey are attached to the inner side of the diaphragms d d, respectively,at or near the center thereof to extend inward, as represented in Fig.5, and bear against the two insulating-heads d Each head has acylindrical outer surface against which the springs bear and which is ofsufficient length to permit of the adjustability of the heads withoutvarying thetension of the springs and also of the slight relativemovements of the heads and springs in transmitting vibrations. Theelectric circuit is established through the conductor d", which connectsto the electrode d the rods d, the electrode CV, and the conductor d,which connects the electrode 6Z with the case d The return-circuit isprovided in part by the water in which the transmitter and holder may beand in part by the return-conductor c in the tow-line C. The conductor 0preferably is in the form of a number of small conducting-wires braidedinto the cylindrical cover ing a of the tow-line. These conductorsextend, preferably, to the end of the tow-line, where it is connectedwith its memberfof the antihummer-coupling F, (see Fig. 10,) and thereturn-current flowsfrom the transmittercase through the water to thisconductor. It therefore follows that a complete actuating electriccircuit through the conductor d" to the transmitter is maintained onlyso long as the transmitter, holder, and antihummer are submerged in thewater. When they are removed from the water,'the circuit isautomatically broken and remains broken until the holder and antihummerhave been again submerged, as the absence of water acts tocut off orinterru pt the return-circuit from the transmitter to the conductor 0.An automatic means for establishing the circuit when the apparatus isput into the Water and of closing it when it is removed from the wateris of great value practically in that it does away with the necessity ofinstructing the user to make and break the circuit by hand at thenecessary times and also prevents waste or depletion of thebattery andpermits of the employment of the apparatusby persons unskilled inelectricity. The method described for providing this automatic openingand closing of the circuit is the best of which I now have knowledge;but I would say that 1 consider any other manner of accomplishing thesame end to be included within the scope of my invention.

I prefer to connect the antihummer with the end of the tow-line by atwo-part coupling F and with the holder A by a two-part coupling Eand sothat the tow-line may be both physically and electrically connected withthe holder by a removable connection. I prefer that a connection in theform of an antihummer be used in order that sound-vibrationscommunicated to the tow-line from its motion through the water or othersource may not be communicated to the holder and transmitter and also tointerpose between the tow-line and the holder a yielding connectionwhich shall relieve the tow-line and holder from the strain of anunyielding connection. I will first describe the coupling F, connectingthe tow-line with the antihummer, and then the coupling E, connectingthe antihummer with the holder.

The coupling F is shown in Fig 10. The member f is attached to the outerend of the tow-line C and the member f to the outer end of theantihummer B. As the tow-line G has to be of considerable length and asit is desirable that in itswound condition itshould occupy as littlespace as possible, and as it is also desirable that it should be when inuse absoutely without kinks or a disposition to kink, I have constructedit as follows, prefacing, however, with the statement that it should beborne in mind that the tow-line not only serves to tow at a considerabledepth the holder, but that it also contains the two electric conductorsfor providing a circuit and which must be so disposed in'relation toeach other as to prevent kinking. 1 therefore have employed forproviding the necessary strength one or more strands 0 of piano-wire,the tensile strength of which is very great. In the drawings one strandonly is shown. This is centrally arranged in the line, and it issurrounded by an insulating-covering 0 (see Fig. 10,) and this in turnis covered by a braided covering 0*, in which the conductors 0 answer assome of thestrands of the braid, the conductors being braided with thefibrous threads as though they were fibrous threads, consequently makinga braided jacket of uniform quality throughout. In order to attach thepiano'wire to the coupling F, its end 0'' is extended beyond the braidedcovering a and it is passed through a hole a in the end of a stem 0 andwound around the stem to make a firm union therewith. The piano-wirealso serves as aconductor, and it is for this reason that the couplingis provided with the stem 0 It is necessary that the piano-wirec and thestem 0 should be attached to the member fot the coupling in a manner toinsulate them from the coupling and also in a manner to make thecoupling water-tight. To accomplish this, the member f has a chamber fwhich is partly cylindrical and partly conical. The conical section isnear the end of the coupling and has extending from it a hole f of asize suflicient to receive the end of the tow-line which cxtends intothe conical part of the chamber. It is there surrounded by a con icalplugf of rubber. A packing f bears against the end of this plug f, butcontains a hole of a sufficient size to permit the passage of the end 0of the piano-wire and its insulating-coating 0 The enlarged end a of thestem bears against the packing f and is held firmly against it by aninsulating-ring f, against which an annular nut f 7 screws.

The conducting-wires 0 may be brought into electrical connection withthe coupling by extending them through the packing f and theinsulating-ring f: to a washer f, interposed between the nutf and thering, if desired, and having electric connection with the nut andcoupling-shell. The member f is engaged with the member f by meansof itsthreaded sectionf ,which screws into the end of the section f, and apacking f may be interposed between the two members. The member f of thecoupling is attached to the antihummer in the following way: It isprovided with a chamber f, which has the characteristics of the chamberf of the other member that is, there is a cylindrical section which endsin an inclined one and from which extends the opening f through the endof the member. This opening is of considerable size and has the roundedentrancef. It is of a size to receive in a somewhat compressed state theend g of the rubber tube G, forming the antihummer. This tube is ofthick rubber resilient enough to be compressed and strong enough to towthe holder. The end of the rubber tube is drawn within the conicalsection of the chamber and isthere expanded by a hollow conical clamp f,which, entering the end of the tube, expands it from the outer end ofthe coupling inwardly, clamps it against the inner conical surface ofthe coupling, and provides at its inner end an annular uncompressed endg, which, lapping over the inner end of the conical clamping-plug, isclamped against the top and inner corner thereof by means of an annularnut 3, which screws into the cavity of the coupling member, the nut andring f There is connected with the nut f an insulating-ringf to which ismounted a hollow contact-maker f, the contact-maker being secured to theinsulating-ringf by the nut f", which screws upon it. This contactmakeris centrally disposed in the coupling member and has a central holef' inline with the stem 0 of the other member and through which the stemextends, and it is electrically connected with the conductor of theantihummer. This conductor is preferably in the form of a coil ofspring-wire and is connected to a short piece of flexible stranded wireg", which extends through the hole at the outer end of the conicalclamping-plug and makes connection with the contact-maker f It will thusbe seen that the memberf of the coupling is firmly secured to the end ofthe antihummer and in a manner to make a watertight connection and alsoan electric connection with its electric conductor and that the screwingof the two members'together establishes an electric connection betweenthem, while their separation enables said electric connection to bebroken.

The antihummer may be of any desired length, and at its outer end, orthat which is connected with the transmitter-holder, it and its electricconductor are secured to the member e of the couplingEin the manner inwhich it is connected with the coupling member f The coupling member (a?of the coupling E is in the main like the memberf','with thismodification, that its outer end is formed to screw upon the end It ofthe tube H, which forms a portion of the waterproof covering of theelectric conductor (2", extending to the transmitter. (See Figs. 5 and9.) The metal tube H is firmly contained in a hole it, extending inwardfrom the forward end of the holder A, but is separated from thetransmitter-case by means of a short rubber tube h contained in thecavity 72 of the holder. The shank d of the transmitter-case isrepresented as insulated from the conductor cl by theinsulating-covering d, (see Fig. 5,) and the tube it is insulated fromthe conductor d 17 by a continuation of the covering (1 The advantagesof the invention as a whole have been stated or will be understood fromthe description.

While I do not confine myself to the type of transmitter shown anddescribed, I would say that it has an advantage over one using granularcarbon as a means for varying electrical resistance, in that the carbonrods or pencils avoid the trouble arising from packing and in that theyare much more sensitive to faint sounds.

The enlarged chamber [b in the holder containing the tube 7&2 may befilled with paraifin for the purpose of preventing water fromenteringit. As when the holder is towed through the water the rubbertube of the antihummer elongates, it is necessary that the electricconductor within it should also lengthen and -also form electricconductors.

should also contract with the tube, and for this reason it is made inthe form of a spiral spring, which permits theelongation of theconductor to fit that of the-rubber tube and I also automaticallycontracts with the restoration of the tube to its normal length. Thecoil is enough less in diameter than the diameter of, the bore of thetube to allow the tube to contract as it is lengthened without pressingupon the coil. The coil also does not extend into the couplings, butstops a distance from each to prevent the crushing of the coil'by anyshort bending of the rubber tube at its juncture with either coupling,the electric conductor then assuming a direct or straight line and isthen preferably made of flexible stranded wire.

The tow line or cable is of peculiarconstruction and embodies, as I havesaid first, a steel piano-wire having great tensile strength and whichis also used as an electric conductor. This wire is covered by rubberinsula tion, over which is a braided covering, made principally ofcotton, but having a number of its strands of very fine copper wires,which Over the braided covering containing the copper wires isanotherbraided covering made entirely of cotton or linen and which actsto protect the inner covering. It is not waterproof, as I prefer thatthe water should penetrate to'the' copper wires in the interior braidedcovering, although this is not essential, as the circuit would becomplete through the brass coupling to which the wires are attached.

The entire apparatus is contained when-not in use in a wooden box (shownin Fig. 1) on the deck of the ship and which contains the reel, thebattery, and the telephone-receivers.

The operation of the hydrophone is as follows: When a vessel isapproaching a signalstation and it is desiredto receive signals from it,the hydrophone-transmitter held by the tow-line is dropped into thewater at the stern of the vessel and the tow-line paid out to anydesired extentl Upon holding the towline fast the transmitter-holderwill be drawn through the water at the speed of the vessel. The firsteffect of checking the tow-line will be to cause the holder to bediverted downward in the water by the deflecting means upon it actingagainst the water and causing it to take such direction. The weight uponthe holder will steady it and cause it to assume an upright position inthe water. This deflecting movement will continue until it is balancedby the draft of the tow-line, which exerts an upward moving force uponthe holder, and the holde'r from that time will be caused to take astraight path in the water following the vessel and at its speed and atsubstantially a'uni form distancebelow the surface of the water, largelyregulated by the degree of the angle of the deflecting means. Thehydrophonetransmitter is by the act of placing it in the audible soundsto the bearer on the vessel, and

water electrically connected with the battery which is on the vessel andwith the receiver on the vessehand this connection is en tirclyautomatic, requiring no action upon the part of the user of theinstrument. The hyd rophone is then in condition for use in taking thesoundsignals conducted by the water to it andlor transmitting themelectrically to the receiver and for delivering them by the receiver .as

as it is insulated from the sounds of the vessel ltmay be used while thesounds continue upon the vessel and while it is moving at any rate ofspeed.

One effect of the invention is to place sub- 550 merged in the water inan upright position and so that it may be drawn through the water and beactive while so drawn a soundtransmitter, which shall receive soundimpulses conducted to it by the water at a point 5 sufliciently remotefrom the vessel to which it is attached to receive sound-signalsindepend ently of the noises or sounds produced by the vessel itself,and so far as I am aware this is the first submarine sound-transmittingdevice which is adapted to be so used. The sound-vibrations which thewater conducts are received by the diaphragms of thehydrophone-transmitter exposed to it, converted by the electricaltransmitter which they actuate into electrical impulses, which arecommunicated by the electrical connection carried by the cable with thehydrophone-re ceiver upon the vessel and which is in the form of atelephone receiving instrument, the elec- I00 trio circuit betweenthe'vessel and the hydrophone-transmitter which I have shown being bymeans of a wire forming the principal part of the tow line connectingthe battery directly with the transmitter and a return-con- 5 ductorconnecting the transmitter with-the receiver, which comprises in partthat part of the water in which the transmitter is submerged between itand a portion of the towline and the electric conductors in the tow- 1line insulated from the draft-wire, to which I have referred. When thehydrophone is no longer required, it is drawn back by the towline to thevessel, and uponbeing lifted from the water its electric circuit isimmediately 5 broken automatically withoutconscious action for thatpurpose by the user, and it remains broken so long as thehydrophoneremoved from the holder. The antihummer is also shown aseasily detached from the holder and also from the tow-line, and theoperation of detaching the holder from the antihummer and the antihummerfrom the tow-line and also the operation of attaching the holder to theantihummer and the antihummer to the tow-line automatically makes orbreaks the electric connection between the holder, antihummer, andtow-line. I

I do not claim the specific construction of the couplings for connectingthe holder with the antihummer and the antihummer with the tow-line,physically and electrically, as they will be made the subject of aseparate application by other inventors.

While the hydrophone may be used in con junction with any kind of avessel, whether sailing or steam or whether it is moving or not, I havedesigned it especially for use in conjunction with vessels which move atvery considerable or.even rapid speed through the Water and so that itwill be operative under such conditions of use, and this I deem to beone of the principal advantages of the invention.

. It is not necessary to always use a holder having the deflector andthe weight, for in some instances the weight only may be used and inothers the deflector alone. It is desirable, however, that the holdershould be so constructed as not to turn or twist on the towline as it isbeing drawn through the water.

It will be understood that when an electrical transmitter is employedthe vibrations of the sound impulses are received by it and convertedinto corresponding electric current or impulses which are converted backinto sounds by the receiver in the usual manner of an electricaltelephone-receiver.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States 1. A hydropli one-transmitteradapted to be towed in water and means acting by the contact of thewater therewith to maintain the transmitter submerged while it is beingtowed.

2. An electrical hydrophone transmitter adapted to receivesound-vibrations imparted to water, means for towing it and means actingby the contact of the water therewith to maintain the transmittersubmerged while it is being towed.

3. An electrical hydrophone transmitter adapted to receive and transmitsound-signals imparted to water, means for towing it in the water andmeans acting by the contact of the water therewith to maintain thetransmitter submerged while it is being towed, and an electricconnection between it and a towing vessel.

4. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electricalhydrophonetransmitter and a holder for the transmitter having a bodydecreasing in height and thick 5 a holder for the transmitter havingabody decreasing in height and thickness at both ends.

7. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter having a body decreasing in height andthickness at its forward end, and means at its forward end forconnecting it with a tow-line or cable.

8. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter decreasing in height toward its forward end,and means above its forward end for attaching it to a tow-line or cable.

9. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmittingsubmarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter and aholder for the transmitter provided with means for deflecting itdiagonally downward in the water when the holder is in motion therein.

10. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter anda holder for the transmitter having means for maintaining it upright inthe water and also means for causing it to be deflected by the waterwhen moved through it.

11. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitterprovided with two diaphragms, oppositely arranged, a holder for thetransmitter havinga body, and a hole extending transversely its bodyfrom side to side for containing the transmitter. I

12. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitterhaving sound-receiving diaphragms, oppositely arranged, and a holder forthe transmitter extending from it in the shape of a relatively long bodydecreasing in height toward its forward end.

13. An electrical sound-transmitting device comprising an electricaltransmitter, a holder for the transmitter having a relatively long bodyweighted upon its under side and connected at its forward end with atow-line or cable, and an electric connection extending from thetow-line or cable through the holder to the transmitter.

IIO

14. An electrical sound-transmitting device comprising an electricaltransmitter, a holder for the transmitter surrounding its case andextending forward and backward therefrom, having at its, forward end acutwater, a coupling and an electric connection extending from thecoupling and transmitter, the said holder also having a deflectingmeans.

15. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, atow lin'e or cable and avibration-insulator between the transmitter and tow-line or cable.

16. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising a holder, a cable or tow-lineattached to the holder, a vibration-insulator in the cable or tow-line,and an electrical transmitter carried by the holder.

17. An electrical sound-transmitting device forrcceiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising a holder, an electricaltransmitter' mounted in the holder, and a tow-line or cable, a sectionof which near the holder is longitudinally extensible.

18.: An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, and. a towing cable or line connected withthe holder, a section of which near the holder is longitudinallyextensible and vibration-insulating.

19. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electricalv transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, a cable or tow-line, a section of which nearthe holder is flexible and extensible, and an electric conductor carriedby the cable or tow-line, a section of which within the extensible partof the cable is likewise extensible;

20. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for thetransmitter, a cable or tow-line connected with theholder, a section of'which near the holder is longitudinally extensibleand flexible, and an electric conductor carried by the tow-line orcable, a section of which in the extensible part of the tow-line orcable is .in the form of a coil and sections of which where it entersand leaves the extensible part of the cable are not coiled but flexible.

21. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarir. signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, a tow-line or cable comprising an extensiblesound-insulator n the form of a rubber tube near the holder, an electricconductor contained within the tube, and one or more strands of Wireconnected with the tube and with the electric conductor thereof, formingthe principal means of draft and also an electric conductor.

22. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting'submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, an antihummer forming a part of a tow-lineor cable, connect-' ed with the holder, and a coupling between theantihummer and remainder of the towline or cable.

23. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine sig nals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, an antihummer, an electric conductor in theantihummer, and a coupling for connecting the holder with thegntihhummer and the electric conductors of 24:. An electricalsound-transmitting device for receiving and transmitting submarinesignals comprising an electrical transmitter, a holder for thetransmitter, an antihummer having an electric conductor connected withthe transmitter, a tow-line or cable, of which the antihummer is a part,having an electric conductor, and a coupling connecting the towline withthe antihummer and the electric conductors of both.

25. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, a tow-line or cable connected with theholder and forming a part of an electric circuit to the transmitter,means whereby the submersion of the holder automatically closes thecircuit.

26. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, a

holder for the transmitter, a/tow-line or cable connected with theholder and forming a part of an electric circuit to the transmitter,means whereby the removal of the holder from the water acts toautomatically break the circuit.

27. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, a tow-line or cable connected with theholder and forming a part of an electric circuit to the transmitter,means whereby the submersion and removal of the holder from the wateracts to automatically make and break the circuit.

28. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, a tow-line or. cable having an electricconductor extending to and connected with the transmitter, and anelectric conductor terminating short of the transmitter.

29. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, a tow-line or cable therefor comprising anantihummer and a single electric conductor, and a main tow-line 'orcable comprising an electric conductor connected with the conductor ofthe antihummer and an electric conductor ending near the anti hummer.

30. An electrical sound-transmitting device comprising an electricaltransmitter, means for towing the same through the water, means formaintaining the transmitter upright, and means for maintaining thetransmitter submerged at a constant depth, while being towed, said meansacting by the contact of the water therewith.

31. An electrical sound-transinittingdevice for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder, and a cable or tow-line having means for electrically connectingthe transmitter I with a towing vessel, the said holder beingconstructed to automatically assume and maintain while being towed agiven depth from the surface of the water by reason of the contact ofthewater therewith.

32'. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder, and a cable or tow-line having means for electrically connectingthe transmitter with a towing vessel, the said holder being constructedto automatically assume and maintain while being towed a given depthfrom the surface of the water and also an upright position therein byreason of the contact of the water therewith.

33. An electrical sound-transmitting device for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder, and a cable or tow-line having means for electrically connectingthe transmitter with a towing vessel, consisting of two conductors, oneof which is connected with the tiansmitter and the other terminatingshort 0 it. Q

34. A hydrophone, the same comprising a submergible holder adapted to bemoved through the water, having a sound-transmitter and means acting bythe contact of the' water therewith for maintaining the holder inoperative position below the surface of the water while it is beingmoved, and an electric sound-receiver electrically connected with thesound-transmitter.

35. A hydrophone, the same comprising a submergible holder, adapted tobe moved through the water, having a sound-transmitter and means actingby the contact of the water therewith for maintaining the holder inupright position below the surface of the water While it is being moved,an electric sound-receiver, and a tow-line for towing the holder andelectrically connecting the soundreceiver and battery with thesound-transmitter.

36. A hydrophone, the same comprising a submergible holder, adapted tobe moved through the water, having a sound-transmitter and means formaintaining it in operative position below the surface of the waterwhile it is being moved, an electric sound-receiver and a tow-line fortowing the holder and electrically connecting the sound-receiver withthe sound-transmitter, a section of which is yielding.

37. In a hydrophone, a submergible holder, adapted to be towed throughthe water, having a sound-transmitter and means acting by the contact ofthe water therewith for maintaining the holder in upright position belowthe surface of the water while it is being moved.

38. In a hydrophone, asubmergible holder, adapted to be towed throughthe water, having a sound-transmitter and means acting by the contact ofthe water therewith for maintaining the holder in upright position belowthe surface of the Water while it is being moved, and a sound-conductorfor conducting sound impulses received by the transmitter to areceiving-point.

39. A transmitter comprising a cylindrical, metal case open at bothends, sleeves to screw upon said case, diaphragms soldered by theiredges to the sleeves, electrodes within the chamber of the caseconnected with the diaphragms, means for varying electrical resist ancebetween the electrodes, and the electric conductors. i

40. The holder having a transverse hole and a transmitter contained insaid hole having a case and clamping-nuts to clamp the case to theholder.

41. An electrical sound-transmittingdevice for receiving andtransmitting submarine signals comprising an electrical transmitter, aholder for the transmitter, an antihummer forming a part of a tow-lineor cable, and a I coupling between the antihummer and the holder.

42. A sound-transmitter and means acting by the contact of thewatertherewith for holding the transmitter upright and submerged in thewater while it is in motion.

43. A hydrophone adapted to hold itself submerged by the action of thewater in contact therewith and to be connected with a'moving vessel tooccupy a position in the water behind it. I

44. A hydrophone adapted to be moved through the water in a submergedposition and to carry its sound-transmitter equally exposed tosound-vibrations coming from either side thereof. Y

45. A hydrophone having its sound-transmitter provided with one or morediaphragms which are vertically disposed with respect to the plane ofmovement of the hydrophone in the water. I

46. A hydrophone adapted to be held submerged by the action of the waterin contact therewith while it is being moved therein and means formoving it comprising a tow-line extending from a moving vessel or objectand connected with the hydrophone.

47. A hydrophone comprising a holder adapted to hold itself submerged inthe water while moving through it, an electricsoundtransmitter carriedby the holder and means for detachably securing it to the end of a tow-48. A hyd rophone having an electric soundtransmitter adapted to holditself submerged by the action of the Water in contact therewith whileit is being towed, means for electrically connecting the transmitterwith a towing Vessel, and a circuit-maker.

49. A hydrophone having an electric soundtransmitter and adapted to holditself submerged by the action of the water in contact therewith whileit is being towed, means for disposed with respect to the plane of itsmove- 3 ment.

ARTHUR J. MUNDY.

Witnesses:

F. F; RAYMOND, 2d, J. M. DOLAN.

l ll' W

